In 1527, Henry VIII requested an annulment of his marriage, but Pope Clement VII refused. The English Reformation began as more of a political affair than a theological dispute. By 1520, Martin Luther's new ideas were known and debated in England, but Protestants were a religious minority and heretics under the law.
Ideologically, the groundwork for the Reformation was laid by Renaissance humanists who believed that the Scriptures were the only source of Christian faith and criticized religious practices which they considered superstitious. These events were part of the wider European Reformation, a religious and political movement that affected the practice of Christianity in Western and Central Europe. The English Reformation took place in 16th-century England when the Church of England broke away from the authority of the pope and the Catholic Church.
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